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Pierre-Henri Philibert (Saint-Denis,〔(NAISSANCE DE LA VANILLE BOURBON ), Histoire de la vanille〕 Île Bourbon, 26 January 1774〔(Note 246 ) of the ''MÉMOIRES DU Bon de BONNEFOUX, CAPITAINE DE VAISSEAU, 1782-1855''〕 — 1824) was a French Navy officer. == Career == Philibert was born the family of a Navy civil servant. He joined the Navy in 1786.〔 During the French Revolution, on 16 November 1793, Philibert was promoted to Ensign.〔 He rose to Lieutenant in 1803,〔 and served as aid to Rear-Admiral Magon on the 74-gun ''Algésiras''.〔''Fonds Marine'', p. 338〕 He took part in the Battle of Trafalgar, distinguishing himself by recapturing ''Algésiras'' after the battle and sailing her back to Cádiz.〔 By June 1809, Philibert was in command of ''Sapho'',〔''Fonds Marine'', p. 387〕 on which he voyaged to India.〔Roche, p. 405〕〔Roche (p.405) lists Philibert as a Commander (''capitaine de frégate''); both Bonnefoux and the ''Fonds Marine'' of the Ministry of Defence list him as a Lieutenant at this time.〕 ''Sapho'' sailed from Bordeaux to Port-des-Barques between around 1 July. Philibert was promoted to Commander in 1811, after 26 April.〔〔''Fonds Marine'', p. 444〕 From 7 October 1813, Philibert led a frigate division, comprising ''Étoile'' and ''Sultane'', under Dupetit Thouars,〔''The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present'', vol.5〕 to engage in commerce raiding.〔''Fonds Marine'', Vol. 2, p.494.〕 Philibert commanded the French forces at the Battle of Jobourg, where both frigates of his squadron were captured.〔 Philibert was promoted to Captain (second class) in 1814.〔 By 1815, Philibert was a Knight in the Legion of Honour and the Order of Saint-Louis.〔 At the end of the Hundred Days, Philibert was in command of the frigate ''Saale'' and led a squadron comprising her and ''Méduse'', under Captain Ponée. A historic rumour has it that with Napoléon's armies in disarray, Ponée proposed to have ferry Napoléon to America on ''Saale'', while ''Méduse'' would have engaged HMS ''Bellerophon'' in a hopeless battle to prevent her from giving chase.〔Guérin, p.482〕 Whether the plan was indeed ever fomulated or not, it was never implemented, and Napoléon instead abdicated for the second time.〔(Note 248 ) of the ''MÉMOIRES DU Bon de BONNEFOUX, CAPITAINE DE VAISSEAU, 1782-1855''〕 From 14 April 1815 to 15 December, he conducted a mission to India on his frigate, by then renamed to ''Amphitrite''.〔''Fonds Marine'', Vol. 2, p.502.〕 In 1816, he was in command of a full division, comprising the fluyts ''Licorne'', under Lieutenant and later Commander Rouvroy de Saint-Simon, and ''Éléphant'', under Commander de Cheffontaines, in addition to ''Amphitrite''.〔''Fonds Marine'', Vol. 2, p.507.〕 By 1817, the Division further comprised the frigate ''Cybèle'', under Captain Achille de Kergariou; the storeships ''Alouette'', under Lieutenant Rigodit, and ''Girouette'', under Ensign Lemaarant de Kerdaniel; and the merchantman ''Célestine'' and ''Louise''.〔''Fonds Marine'', Vol. 2, p.514-515.〕 In 1818, the Division comprised ''Cybèle'', the fluyts ''Normande'' and ''Rhône'' and the storeship ''Durance''. In 1820, Philibert commander the Expédition d'Asie, with his flag on ''Rhône'' and later on ''Durance''.〔''Fonds Marine'', Vol. 2, p.539.〕 His voyages are credited for bringing vanilla to La Réunion, creating the Bourbon vanilla cultivar.〔 He was promoted to Officer on the Legion of Honour in 1821, and Captain (1st class) in 1822.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pierre-Henri Philibert」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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